Ummah the legislations that suit them and their society, time, and circumstances according to
the Wisdom, Mercy, and Knowledge of Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) of people's affairs. Since the message of Muhammad (peace be upon him) is general and universal to the whole mankind and Jinn, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) sent him with a message that is suitable for his time and that which follows till the Day of Judgment.
Such was the Wisdom of Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) to have all the messengers (peace be upon them) gathered upon the principles while the Shari`ahs (laws) are different according to the circumstances and environments of various Ummahs. This is out of Allah's Mercy and Compassion toward them.
With regard to the essence of Tawhid which is the essential basic of the message, all the messengers preached it, and made it obligatory to be practiced with truthfulness and justice. They also prohibited lying and injustice and commanded good morals and righteous deeds and avoiding the contrary. All such principles were unanimously agreed upon by all messengers (peace be upon them). Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) says:
And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allâh (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Tâghût (all false deities i.e. do not worship Tâghût besides Allâh)."
And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) but We revealed to him (saying): Lâ ilâha illa Ana [none has the right to be worshipped but I (Allâh)], so worship Me (Alone and none else)."
Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning in order that mankind should have no plea against Allâh after the (coming of) Messengers.
It is of the fundamental principles to have belief in Allah, His Messenger, Tawhid, devotion, the Last Day, Jannah (Paradise), Hellfire, and all the messengers, without
differentiating between them. All the messengers agreed upon such principles and all the divine Books came to confirm and support each other.
The branches differed in different Shari'ahs and doctrines. Some subsidiary matters may be deemed lawful in a certain Shari'ah but unlawful in another. Besides, a subsidiary matter that was unlawful in a preceding Shari`ah may be made lawful in a subsequent Shari`ah. Thus, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) sent `Eisa (Jesus peace be upon him) with the Shari`ah of Tawrah while easing some of its rulings, telling people about what they differed about and making lawful some of the rulings that were unlawful in the Tawrah. All this is out of Allah's Mercy and Easiness. When making mention of the Tawrah, Injil, and the EverGloious Qur'an, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) comments after that:
To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way.
He (Glorified be He) is AllWise concerning His Shari`ah and AllKnowing of the interests and ability of His servants. He (Glorified be He) is AllWise in His Decrees. He (Glorified and Exalted be He) says:
Verily, We did send down the Taurât (Torah) [to Mûsâ (Moses)], therein was guidance and light, by which the Prophets, who submitted themselves to Allâh's Will, judged for the Jews. And the rabbis and the priests [too judged for the Jews by the Taurât (Torah) after those Prophets], for to them was entrusted the protection of Allâh's Book, and they were witnesses thereto. Therefore fear not men but fear Me (O Jews) and sell not My Verses for a miserable price. And whosoever does not judge by what Allâh has revealed, such are the Kâfirûn (i.e. disbelievers of a lesser degree as they do not act on Allâh's Laws).
for them: "Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal." But if anyone remits the retaliation by way of charity, it shall be for him an expiation. And whosoever does not judge by that which Allâh has revealed, such are the Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrongdoers of a lesser degree).
All this was in the Shari`ah of Tawrah and Allah approved of and pointed out to this Ummah and legislated it for them. The Sunnah (whatever is reported from the Prophet) supports this point and clarifies that it is Allah's Shari`ah for this Ummah
with regard to life; the eyes, the nose, the ears and teeth. This Shari`ah is wellknown in the Book of Allah (the EverGlorious Qur'an) and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace be upon him). Afterwards, Allah (Glorified be He) says:
And in their footsteps, We sent 'Isâ (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), confirming the Taurât (Torah) that had come before him, and We gave him the Injeel (Gospel), in which was guidance and light and confirmation of the Taurât (Torah) that had come before it, a guidance and an admonition for AlMuttaqûn (the pious See V.2:2).
This provides evidence that the great Book of the Injil has guidance, light, and admonitions, then He (Glorified be He) says:
Let the people of the Injeel (Gospel) judge by what Allâh has revealed therein.
This indicates that this Book (the Injil) has rulings by which the people of the Injil from among the scholars of the Children of Israel judge. It is wellknown that `Eisa (Jesus, peace be upon him) was sent with the Shari`ah of the Tawrah, nevertheless, he was sent with rulings other than those found in the Tawrah. His Shari`ah cancelled some of the rulings found in the Tawrah. Afterwards, Allah (Glorified be He) says:
And whosoever does not judge by what Allâh has revealed (then) such (people) are the Fâsiqûn [the rebellious i.e. disobedient (of a lesser degree) to Allâh].
Then He (Glorified and Exalted be He) says:
And We have sent down to you (O Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) the Book (this Qur'ân) in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before it and Muhaymin (trustworthy in highness and a witness) over it (old Scriptures). So judge among them by what Allâh has revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging away from the truth that has come to you. To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way.
He addresses here His Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), as He sent His Book, the EverGlorious Qur'an in AlHaqq and for establishing AlHaqq; it encompasses, supports, and legislates AlHaqq, confirming the Scriptures that came before it and the messengers that came before him. The Book of Allah, the EverGlorious Qur'an, confirms and bears witness that the messengers and the Scriptures that came before it were from Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He): Tawrah, Injil, Zabur (Psalms),
the Scriptures of Ibrahim (Abraham, peace be upon him) and Musa (Moses, peace be upon him), and other books that Allah sent upon the messengers (peace be upon them). Then
Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) points out that each of the messengers had a law and a clear way. This indicates that the Shari`ahs of the prophets and messengers are different but the principles are one including belief in Allah, the messengers, the angels, the Books, the Last Day, Jannah, Hellfire, and other general rulings that command justice, truthfulness, and forbid injustice, lie, and the like.
These are general and common principles. Out of His Wisdom, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) sent each messenger with the language of his own people in order to be able to teach and let them comprehend clearly what he was sent with. Therefore, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) says: And We sent not a Messenger except with the language of his people, in order that he might make (the Message) clear for them.
Since Muhammad (peace be upon him) was of the Arabs, and they were the first people to receive his Da`wah (calling to Islam), Allah sent him with their language, even though he (peace be upon him) is the Messenger for all mankind. However, Allah sent him with the language of his people and made them preachers and callers after his death to the Ummahs that come after them. He (Glorified be He) ordered all people to follow this honorable Prophet (peace be upon him) and adopt his way, so they should follow him and understand his language which is the language of the Book of Allah, the EverGlorious Qur'an. This great Prophet is Muhammad (peace be upon him) whom Allah sent as a mercy for all mankind. Allah (Glorified be He) says: And We have sent you (O Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ): not but as a mercy for the 'Alamîn (mankind, jinn and all that exists). As the messengers before him were sent as a mercy for their own people to guide them and remove injustice and corruption and replace them with proper systems and fair rulings. Allah sent Muhammad (peace be upon him) also to put an end to corrupt systems, behavior, injustice, and oppression in human society and to replace them with good and fair rulings. He
(peace be upon him) was sent by his Lord to remove injustice, oppression, and corruption and to overcome corrupt and despotic regimes which wrongfully and tyrannically rule people, transgress against their rights, and enslave them.
Allah (Exalted be He) sent the Prophet (peace be upon him) to replace the decadent regimes and unjust behavior, the absolute oppressors and corrupt leaders with good leaders, fair straightforward regimes, and wise laws that can rule people without differentiating between white and black, rich and poor, or honorable and humble. His Shari`ah makes no difference between people; rather, it guides them all and makes commands and prohibitions that apply for all. Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) points out that the most honorable of people at the Sight of Allah is the most pious among them. Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) says: O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. He (Glorified and Exalted be He) says that you may know one another, not that you may boast of vain pride over one another, look down upon or disdain one another. Then, He (Glorified be He) says: Verily, the most honourable of you with Allâh is that (believer) who has AtTaqwâ [i.e. he is one of the Muttaqûn (the pious. See V.2:2)]. Verily, Allâh is AllKnowing, AllAware. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Allah has revealed to me that you must be humble, so that no one boasts to another or oppresses another. (Related by Muslim in his Sahih (authentic) Book of Hadith)
In the EverGlorious Qur'an, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) says: "And turn not your face away from men with pride, nor walk in insolence through the earth. Verily, Allâh likes not any arrogant boaster. Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) sent the honorable Prophet (peace be upon him) with a general message and comprehensive system with regard to all religious, political, economic,
social, military and all of people's affairs. He (peace be upon him) did not miss anything, but showed Allah's Judgment in it. In his respect, Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) says: And We have not sent you (O Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳـﻠﻢ) except as a giver of glad tidings and a warner to all mankind He (Glorified and Exalted be He) says: O Prophet (Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ)! Verily, We have sent you as witness, and a bearer of glad tidings, and a warner, And as one who invites to Allâh [Islâmic Monotheism, i.e. to worship none but Allâh (Alone)] by His Leave, and as a lamp spreading light (through your instructions from the Qur'ân and the Sunnah the legal ways of the Prophet ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ). Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) points out that the Messenger is a guiding light for people to clear the way for the straightforward path of their Lord. He who adheres to his religion will be safe and will attain good end and he who goes astray will meet disappointment, loss, and humiliation. Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) says: Indeed, there has come to you from Allâh a light (Prophet Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) and a plain Book (this Qur'ân). Wherewith Allâh guides all those who seek His Good Pleasure to ways of peace, and He brings them out of darkness by His Will unto light and guides them to the Straight Way (Islâmic Monotheism). This is what Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) states about the honorable Prophet and the clearcut EverGlorious Qur'an.
The EverGlorious Qur'an and the Messenger (peace be upon him) were sent by Allah (Exalted be He) to bring people out of the darkness of Kufr (disbelief), ignorance, injustice, tyranny and servitude to the light of Tawhid, Iman (belief), guidance and justice. He brought people to the tolerance of Islam instead of the intolerance of tyrant kings and their aggressive rulings. The Shari`ah of Allah with which he sent Muhammad (peace be upon him) is perfect in guidance, light, justice, and wisdom. It does justice to the