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Q 4 : Is it tantamount to Shirk if a person in any part of the world calls upon the Prophet (peace be upon him) saying: "O Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah"?
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during one of the Prophet's travels, he sent his Sahabah to search for it but they could not find it and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not know its place until the camel upon which she was riding got up on his feet and they found the necklace beneath it. There are many Hadiths to the same effect but what I mentioned will suffice in sha'a­Allah (if Allah wills).
Answer: Allah (may He be Praised) informs us in His Noble Book and through the Sunnah of His honest Messenger (peace be upon him) that `Ibadah (worship) is a sole and exclusive right of Allah and that all acts of worship including Du`a' (supplication) should be devoted to none save Him.
And I (Allâh) created not the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me (Alone).
O mankind! Worship your Lord (Allâh), Who created you and those who were before you so that you may become Al­Muttaqûn (the pious ­ See V.2:2).
You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each and everything).
And when My slaves ask you (O Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) concerning Me, then (answer them), I am indeed near (to them by My Knowledge). I respond to the invocations of the supplicant when he calls on Me (without any mediator or intercessor). So let them obey Me and believe in Me, so that they may be led aright.
Such is Allâh, your Lord; His is the kingdom. And those, whom you invoke or call upon instead of Him, own not even a Qitmîr (the thin membrane over the date­stone). If you invoke (or call upon) them, they hear not your call; and if (in case) they were to hear, they could not grant it (your request) to you. And on the Day of Resurrection, they will disown your worshipping them. And none can inform you (O Muhammad ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) like Him Who is the All­Knower (of everything).
And the mosques are for Allâh (Alone): so invoke not anyone along with Allâh.
These Ayahs, as well as other Ayahs and Hadiths convey the same effect indicating that Ibadah (worship) is Allah's Right and can not be offered to anyone other than Him, the Creator Who enjoins His slaves to worship Him Alone.
The right of Allah over His slaves is that they should worship Him and associate no thing with Him.
Related by Al­Bukhari and Muslimon the authority of Mu`adh (may Allah be pleased with him).